Publications

Title: Uncertainty in Discount Models and Environmental Accounting

Authors: Ludwig, D., W. A. Brock and S. R. Carpenter

Citation: Ludwig, D., W. A. Brock and S. R. Carpenter 2005. Uncertainty in Discount Models and Environmental Accounting. Ecology and Society 10 (2): 13. [online] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol10/iss2/art13/

Related Publications:

Regime shifts and ecosystem service generation in Swedish coastal soft bottom habitats: when resilience is undesirable.

Variability in ecosystem service measurement: a pollination service case study

Indirect Effects of Fish Community Structure on Submerged Vegetation in Shallow, Eutrophic Lakes - an Alternative Mechanism.

Long-Term Pattern of Alternative Stable States in 2 Shallow Eutrophic Lakes.

Long-Term and Short-Term Dynamics of Submerged Macrophytes in 2 Shallow Eutrophic Lakes.

Decline of Charophytes During Eutrophication - Comparison With Angiosperms.

Pike (Esox Lucius L) Stocking as a Biomanipulation Tool .1. Effects on the Fish Population in Lake Lyng, Denmark.

Changes in a Deep Lake Following Sewage Diversion - a Challenge to the Orthodoxy of External Phosphorus Control as a Restoration Strategy.

Recovery of the Macrozoobenthic Community of the Comacchio Lagoon System (Northern Adriatic Sea).

Multiple States in River and Lake Ecosystems.

Overview of Hypoxia Around the World.

Epilithic Biomass and Metabolism in a North Iberian Stream.

The Costs of Eutrophication From Salmon Farming - Implications for Policy.

A Long-Term Perspective on the Chrysochromulina Bloom on the Norwegian Skagerrak Coast 1988: a Catastrophe or an Innocent Incident?

Changes in the Abundance and Composition of Cyclopoid Copepods Following Fish Manipulation in Eutrophic Lake Vaeng, Denmark.

Biomanipulation as an Application of Food-Chain Theory: Constraints, Synthesis, and Recommendations for Temperate Lakes.

Trophic Web Structure in a Shallow Eutrophic Lake During a Dominance Shift From Phytoplankton to Submerged Macrophytes.

Catastrophes, Phase Shifts, and Large-Scale Degradation of a Caribbean Coral Reef.

Iron-Phosphorus Ratio in Surface Sediment as an Indicator of Phosphate Release From Aerobic Sediments in Shallow Lakes.

Nitrogen Loss and Denitrification as Studied in Relation to Reductions in Nitrogen Loading in a Shallow, Hypertrophic Lake (Lake Sobygard, Denmark).

Impact of Nutrients and Physical Factors on the Shift From Cyanobacterial to Chlorophyte Dominance in Shallow Danish Lakes.

Can Simple Empirical Equations Describe the Seasonal Dynamics of Bacterioplankton in Lakes: an Eight-Year Study in Shallow Hypertrophic and Biologically Highly Dynamic Lake Sobygard, Denmark.

Reconstructing the Historical Changes in Daphnia Mean Size and Planktivorous Fish Abundance in Lakes From the Size of Daphnia Ephippia in the Sediment.

Fish Manipulation as a Lake Restoration Tool in Shallow, Eutrophic, Temperate Lakes .2. Threshold Levels, Long-Term Stability and Conclusions.

Trophic Structure, Species Richness and Biodiversity in Danish Lakes: Changes Along a Phosphorus Gradient.

Changes in Nitrogen Retention in Shallow Eutrophic Lakes Following a Decline in Density of Cyprinids.

Top-Down Control in Freshwater Lakes: the Role of Nutrient State, Submerged Macrophytes and Water Depth.

Cascading Trophic Interactions From Fish to Bacteria and Nutrients After Reduced Sewage Loading: an 18-Year Study of a Shallow Hypertrophic Lake.

Fish-Induced Changes in Zooplankton Grazing on Phytoplankton and Bacterioplankton: a Long-Term Study in Shallow Hypertrophic Lake Sobygaard.

Does the Impact of Nutrients on the Biological Structure and Function of Brackish and Fresh-Water Lakes Differ.

Lake and Catchment Management in Denmark.

Nutrient Dynamics and Biological Structure in Shallow Fresh- Water and Brackish Lakes - Preface.

Fish Manipulation as a Lake Restoration Tool in Shallow, Eutrophic Temperate Lakes .1. Cross-Analysis of 3 Danish Case- Studies.

Interactions Between Phytoplankton, Zooplankton and Fish in a Shallow, Hypertrophic Lake - a Study of Phytoplankton Collapses in Lake Sobygard, Denmark.

Resuspension in a Shallow Eutrophic Lake.

Summer Internal Phosphorus Supplies in Shagawa Lake, Minnesota.

Colonization of Submerged Macrophytes in Shallow Fish Manipulated Lake Vaeng - Impact of Sediment Composition and Waterfowl Grazing.

Colonization and Succession of Submerged Macrophytes in Shallow Lake Vaeng During the 1st 5 Years Following Fish Manipulation.

Nutrient Dynamics in Shallow Lakes - Effects of Changes in Loading and Role of Sediment-Water Interactions.

Life After Death in Lake Erie: Nutrient Controls Drive Fish Species Richness, Rehabilitation.

Biomanipulation in Shallow Lakes in the Netherlands: an Evaluation of 18 Case Studies.

Effects of Biomanipulation in the Large and Shallow Lake Wolderwijd, the Netherlands.

Long-Term Responses to Fish-Stock Reduction in Small Shallow Lakes - Interpretation of 5-Year Results of 4 Biomanipulation Cases in the Netherlands and Denmark.

Primary Production in a Shallow Eutrophic Lake Dominated Alternately by Phytoplankton and by Submerged Macrophytes.

The Art of Lake Restoration.

Engineering and Biological Approaches to the Restoration From Eutrophication of Shallow Lakes in Which Aquatic Plant- Communities Are Important Components.

Restoration of Two Lowland Lakes by Isolation From Nutrient-Rich Water Sources With and Without Removal of Sediment.

Development of Daphnid Communities in Diatom-Dominated and Cyanophyte-Dominated Lakes and Their Relevance to Lake Restoration by Biomanipulation.

Progressive Restoration of a Shallow Lake: a 12-Year Experiment in Isolation, Sediment Removal and Biomanipulation.

Climatic Warming Causes Regime Shifts in Lake Food Webs.

Fish and Nutrients Interplay Determines Algal Biomass - a Minimal Model.

Multiplicity of Stable States in Fresh-Water Systems.

Should We Expect Strange Attractors Behind Plankton Dynamics - and if So, Should We Bother.

Megaplant - a Simulation-Model of the Dynamics of Submerged Plants.

Implications of Spatial Heterogeneity for the Paradox of Enrichment.

Distribution and Dynamics of Submerged Vegetation in a Chain of Shallow Eutrophic Lakes.

Alternative Equilibria in Shallow Lakes.

Minimal Models of Top-Down Control of Phytoplankton.

On the Dominance of Filamentous Cyanobacteria in Shallow, Turbid Lakes.

Effects of Fish on Plankton Dynamics: a Theoretical Analysis.

Seasonal Dynamics of Daphnia and Algae Explained as a Periodically Forced Predator-Prey System.

Vegetated Areas With Clear Water in Turbid Shallow Lakes.

Impact of Submerged Macrophytes on Fish-Zooplankton- Phytoplankton Interactions - Large-Scale Enclosure Experiments in a Shallow Eutrophic Lake.

Internal Phosphorus Loading in Shallow Danish Lakes.

Pike (Esox Lucius L) Stocking as a Biomanipulation Tool .2. Effects on Lower Trophic Levels in Lake Lyng, Denmark.

Interactions Between Sediment and Water in a Shallow and Hypertrophic Lake - a Study on Phytoplankton Collapses in Lake Sobygard, Denmark.

Phytoplankton Biomass Reduction After Planktivorous Fish Reduction in a Shallow, Eutrophic Lake - a Combined Effect of Reduced Internal P-Loading and Increased Zooplankton Grazing.

Phosphorus Fractions and Profiles in the Sediment of Shallow Danish Lakes as Related to Phosphorus Load, Sediment Composition and Lake Chemistry.

Wave Exposure Related Growth of Epiphyton: Implications for the Distribution of Submerged Macrophytes in Eutrophic Lakes.

Managing Nutrient Fluxes and Pollution in the Baltic: an Interdisciplinary Simulation Study.

The Role of Characean Algae in the Management of Eutrophic Shallow Lakes.

Dynamics and Stability of Chara Sp and Potamogeton Pectinatus in a Shallow Lake Changing in Eutrophication Level.

Dominance of Charophytes in Eutrophic Shallow Lakes - When Should We Expect It to Be an Alternative Stable State?

The Relation Between Wave Exposure and Distribution of Emergent Vegetation in a Eutrophic Lake.

Mechanisms Regulating Abundance of Submerged Vegetation in Shallow Eutrophic Lakes.

Relationships Between Fisheries and the Integrity of River Systems.

Catastrophic Response of Lakes to Benthivorous Fish Introduction.

The Baltic: The Sea of Surprises. In: Barriers and bridges to the renewal of ecosystems and institutuins.

Biomanipulation in the Netherlands: 15 years of experience.

Eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems: Bistability and soil phosphorus.

Eutrophication due to phosphorus recycling in relation to lake morphometry, temperature and macrophytes.

Is there evidence of a Great Acceleration in lake eutrophication?

Biological diversity and resilience: lessons from the recovery of cichlid species in Lake Victoria

Conservation of a transboundary lake: Historical watershed and paleolimnological analyses can inform management strategies

Alternative attractors may boost uncertainty and sensitivity in ecological models

Uncertainty in adaptive capacity.

Uncertainty in Discount Models and Environmental Accounting.

Decision-Making under Great Uncertainty: Environmental Management in an Era of Global Change

Adaptive management: where are we now?

Keywords: Atlantic right whale, cost-benefit analysis, discounting, ecological economics, ecosystem service, eutrophication, renewable resource, uncertainty

Who Are We?

Publications

Research Themes

Key Concepts

Resilience Assessment

Username:
Password:
Forgot your password?