Publications

Title: Sustainability, stability, and resilience.

Authors: Ludwig, D., B. Walker, and C. S. Holling.

Citation: Ludwig, D., B. Walker, and C. S. Holling. 1997. Sustainability, stability, and resilience. Conservation Ecology [Online] 1, no. 1: 7. URL:http://www.consecol.org/vol1/iss1/art7.

Related Publications:

Multiple Equilibria in Metapopulation Dynamics.

On the Freshwater Forcing and Transport of the Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation.

Ecological Thresholds: The Key to Successful Environmental Management or an Important Concept with No Practical Application?

An exploratory framework for the empirical measurement of resilience

From metaphor to measurement: resilience of what to what?

Surrogates for resilience of social-ecological systems

A Systems Model Approach to Determining Resilience Surrogates for Case Studies

Grazing management, resilience and the dynamics of a fire driven rangeland system

Resilience of NSW rangelands: a framework for analysing a complex adaptive ecosystem

Local Variability but Landscape Stability in Coral Reef Communities Following Repeated Hurricane Impacts.

Rediscovery of Traditional Ecological Knowledge as Adaptive Management.

The Sensitivity of a Tanzanian Crater Lake to Catastrophic Tephra Input and Four Millennia of Climate Change.

Grazing Management, Resilience, and the Dynamics of a Fire- Driven Rangeland System.

Integrating Salmon, Trees and People: Watershed Management: Balancing Sustainability and Environmental Change.

On the Evidence Needed to Judge Ecological Stability or Persistence.

Resilience and Sustainable Development: Building Adaptive Capacity in a World of Transformations.

Stability of Forest Ecosystems in the Humid Tropics.

A Long-Term Perspective on the Chrysochromulina Bloom on the Norwegian Skagerrak Coast 1988: a Catastrophe or an Innocent Incident?

Hurricane Damage to a Hawaiian Forest: Nutrient Supply Rate Affects Resistance and Resilience.

Functional Ecology of Soil Organisms in Tundra Ecosystems: Towards the Future.

Understanding the Complexity of Economic, Ecological, and Social Systems.

Command and Control and the Pathology of Natural Resource Management.

What Can Be Learned From the Collapse of a Renewable Resource - Atlantic Cod, Gadus-Morhua, of Newfoundland and Labrador.

Avoiding Ecological Surprise: Lessons from Long Standing Communities.

Microcosmic Histories: Island Perspectives on "Global" Change.

Bouncing Back - Just How Resilient Is the Biosphere to Catastrophe?

Biotic Feedback Extends the Life Span of the Biosphere.

Life After Death in Lake Erie: Nutrient Controls Drive Fish Species Richness, Rehabilitation.

The Aspects and the Role of Diversity in Socioeconomic Systems: an Evolutionary Perspective.

Thresholds and Breakpoints in Ecosystems with a Multiplicity of Stable States.

Ecological thresholds: a survey.

Disturbance Regimes of Stream and Riparian Systems - a Disturbance-Cascade Perspective.

Spatial Resilience of Coral Reefs.

Coral Reef Disturbance and Resilience in a Human-Dominated Environment.

Corals and Phase Shifts.

Ecological Resilience, Biodiversity, and Scale.

Implications of the Effects of Trawling on Sessile Megazoobenthos on a Tropical Shelf in Northeastern Australia.

The Impact of Pelagic Fish Behavior on Fisheries.

Impact of Drought on Desert Shrubs: Effects of Seasonality and Degree of Resource Island Development.

Catastrophic Shifts in Ecosystems.

Multispecies Cropping Systems in India - Predictions of Their Productivity, Stability, Resilience and Ecological Sustainability.

Greenhouse Warming and the Eurasian Biota - Are There Any Lessons From the Past.

Indigenous knowledge and resource management systems in the Canadian subarctic

Ostrom, E. 1990. Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action.

The Collapse of Complex Societies. New Studies in Archaeology, Cambridge University Press.

Ecological practices and social mechanisms for building resilience and sustainability

Resilience and stability of ecological systems

The resilience of terrestrial ecosystems: local surprise and global change

Resilience, adaptive capacity, and the "Lock-in Trap" of the Western Australian agricultural region.

Ecological Resilience and Social Conflict - Institutions and Strategic Adaptation in Swedish Water Management

Regime shifts and ecosystem service generation in Swedish coastal soft bottom habitats: when resilience is undesirable.

Social and ecological resilience: are they related?

Population, adaptation and resilience.

Social-ecological resilience to coastal disasters.

Governing natural resources: institutional adaptation and resilience.

Sprawl and the resilience of humans and nature: an introduction to the special feature.

The use of discontinuities and functional groups to assess relative resilience in complex systems.

Lake restoration in terms of ecological resilience: a numerical study of biomanipulations under bistable conditions.

Loss of resilience, crisis, and institutional change: Lessons from an intensive agricultural system in southeastern Australia.

Can resilience be reconciled with globalization and the increasingly complex conditions of resource degradation in Asian coastal regions?

Spatial complexity, resilience and policy diversity: fishing on lake-rich landscapes.

An exploratory framework for the empirical measurement of resilience.

Regime shifts, resilience and biodiversity in ecosystem management.

Firm size diversity, functional richness and resilience.

Trust-building, knowledge generation and organizational innovations: the role of a bridging organization for adaptive co-management of a wetland landscape around Kristianstad, Sweden

New paradigms for supporting resilience of marine ecosystems.

A network perspective on the resilience of social-ecological systems.

Governance and the capacity to manage resilience in regional social-ecological systems

Interpreting and correcting cross-scale mismatches in resilience analysis: a procedure and examples from Australia's rangelands.

A long-term perspective on resilience in socio-natural systems.

Staying connected in a turbulent world.

Kelp forest ecosystem: biodiversity, stability, resilience and their future.

Resilience & Biosphere Reserves.

Does adaptive management of natural resources enhance resilience to climate change?

Resilience, adaptability and transformability in social-ecological systems.

Exploring resilience in social-ecological systems through comparative studies and theory development: Introduction to the special issue.

Contrasting spatial patterns of taxonomic and functional richness offer insights into potential loss of ecosystem services

Managing water in agriculture for food production and other ecosystem services

Managing for resilience

Learning and Adapting: Central Features of Resilience

Resilience Thinking: Integrating Resilience, Adaptability and Transformability

Why resilience? Why now?

Resilience and Vulnerability: Complementary or conflicting concepts?

Adaptation and resilience: Responding to a changing climate

Incentives, social-ecological feedbacks and European fisheries

Should enhanced resilience be an objective of natural resource research for developing countries?

Riding the rangelands piggyback: a resilience approach to conservation management

A test of the cross-scale resilience model: functional richness in Mediterranean-climate ecosystems

Panarchy: understanding transformations in human and natural systems

Resilience and the behaviour of large-scale systems

Resilience Thinking: Sustaining Ecosystems and People in a Changing World

Resilience implications of policy responses to climate change

Aligning key concepts for global change policy: Robustness, resilience, and sustainability

Social Ecological Resilience and Human Security

Toward a Sustainable and Resilient Future

Agency, Capacity and Resilience to Environmental Change: Lessons from Human Development

Policy Discourses of Resilience

Complex systems: Spatial signatures of resilience

Large termitaria act as refugia for tall trees, deadwood and cavity-using birds in a miombo woodland

Spatial Resilience: integrating landscape ecology, resilience, and sustainability

Resilience, experimentation, and scale mismatches in social-ecological landscapes

Responses of an African wading bird community to resource pulses are related to foraging guild and food web position

Landscape Level Management of Parks, Refuges, and Preserves for Ecosystem Resilience

General Resilience to Cope with Extreme Events

Conclusions: Adapting Institutions and Resilience

Calcification, storm damage and population resilience of tabular corals under climate change

Human activity selectively impacts the ecosystem roles of parrotfishes on coral reefs

Multiscale regime shifts and planetary boundaries

Living dangerously on borrowed time during slow, unrecognized regime shifts

Resilience and adaptation in the governance of social-ecological systems

Vulnerability and Resilience of Modern Societies to Environmental Change

Long-term Vulnerability and Resilience: Three Examples from Archaeological Study in the Southwestern US and Northern Mexico

Traditional ecological knowledge and community resilience to environmental extremes: A case study in Doñana, SW Spain

Drivers, ""slow"" variables, ""fast"" variables, shocks, and resilience

Global environmental change, resilience, and sustainable outcomes

Contributing to resilience

A commentary on “Resilience and water governance: adaptive governance in the Columbia River Basin”

Perspectives on resilience to disasters across sectors and cultures

How to apply resilience thinking - In Australia and beyond

Resilience and law, an introduction

Integrating resilience and law

Resilience

Resilience Practice: Building capacity to absorb disturbance and maintain function

Social-Ecological Resilience and Law

Coordinated Stasis or Coordinated Turnover? Exploring Intrinsic Vs Extrinsic Controls on Pattern.

Is It Time to Bury the Ecosystem Concept? (With Full Military Honors of Course!).

Alternate Stable States and Threshold Effects in Semi-Arid Grazing Systems.

Coexistence and Collapse: an Experimental Investigation of the Persistent Communities of a Protist Species Pool.

Dynamics of Climate and Ecosystem Coupling: Abrupt Changes and Multiple Equilibria.

On the Dominance of Filamentous Cyanobacteria in Shallow, Turbid Lakes.

Ecosystem Dynamics and the Sahel Drought.

Role of Vegetation Dynamics in Enhancing the Low-Frequency Variability of the Sahel Rainfall.

The Response to Deforestation and Desertification in a Model of West African Monsoons.

The Role of Vegetation in the Dynamics of West African Monsoons.

The Disturbance of Forest Ecosystems - the Ecological Basis for Conservative Management.

Disturbance Severity and Threshold Responses in the Boreal Forest.

A 107-Year-Old Coral From Florida Bay - Barometer of Natural and Man-Induced Catastrophes.

Compounded Perturbations Yield Ecological Surprises.

Equilibrium Theory and Alternative Stable Equilibria.

Traits underlying the capacity of ant colonies to adapt to disturbance and stress regimes

Disturbance, Change, and Persistence in Self-Organized Forested Communities: Over-time Analysis of Five Communities in Southern Indiana

Understanding Disturbances and Responses in Social-Ecological Systems

Fire severity mediates climate-driven shifts in understorey community composition of black spruce stands of interior Alaska

Related News Items:

Literature on the resilience of complex systems is complex

Steven Lade and Garry Peterson comment on a recent literature review that found the literature on resilience of complex systems to be highly compartmentalized.

Keywords: bifurcation, multiple stable states, resilience, stability, hysteresis, disturbance, time scale

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